动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解

动词不定式、动名词用法要点讲解

（山东日照广播电视大学 李莉）
    动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较：
    （附图 {图}）
    一、作主语
    ⒈不定式作主语
    动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：
    (1)把不定式置于句首。如：
    To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
    (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：
    ①It＋be＋名词＋to do
    It's our duty to take good care of the old.
    ②It takes sb+some time+to do
    How long did it take you to finish the work?
    ③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do
    It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.
    ④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do
    It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.
    ⑤It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do
    It seemed impossible to save money.
    在句型③中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is＋形容词＋to do句式 ，如：It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.
    ⒉动名词作主语
    Learning without practice is no good.
    动名词作主语时，也常用It句式。如：
    ①It's +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing…
    It's no good reading in dim light.
    It's no use sitting here waiting.
    ②It's＋形容词＋doing
    It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.
    这样用的形容词有expensive,nice,tiring等，但important,necessary则不适用于这种结构，应用不定式 代替，如：It'simportant for you to keep fit.
    ③There is no+doing
    There is no saying what will happen next.
    在这一结构中，动名词后常带宾语，相当于"It's impossible to…"结构。
    ⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别
    ①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动 作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。如：
    It's no good eating too much fat.
    It's no good for you to eat so much fat.
    ②动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。如：
    It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.
    二、作宾语
    ⒈不定式作宾语
    ①以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long,
manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，这些词大部分可接th at引导的从句。如：
    I decided to ask for my money back.
    I decided that I would ask for my money back.
    When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot.
&n

bsp;   When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot.

  

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