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状语从句讲解
状语从句是指在复合句中充当状语成分的句子。状语从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。以下是小编给大家整理的关于状语从句讲解，欢迎阅读！
状语从句大盘点
状语从句一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。要想掌握它关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词。现分别列举如下：
【小结1】
常见的时间状语从句的引导词有：when（当……的时候），whenever（每当），after（在……之后），before（在……之前），as（当……；一边……一边），as soon as/hardly…when/no sooner…than（一……就……），while（在……期间），till/until（直到），since（自从）等。
1.He was reading newspapers as he was waiting for the bus.
他一边等公共汽车，一边读报纸。
2.He has taught English in this middle school since he graduated from college.
自从大学毕业，他就在这所中学教书。
3.I’ll give you a phone as soon as I come back.我一回来就给你打电话。
注意：
1.当since引导状语从句，主句往往用现在完成时态，如例2。
2.如果主句是一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态，如例3。
【小结2】常见的条件状语从句的引导词有：
1.由if，unless引导，if意为“如果”，unless意为“除非，如果不”（if not）。
You will be late unless you leave immediately.除非你立即走，否则，你会迟到。
If you don’t hurry up，you’ll be late.如果你不快点，你就会晚了。
2.由suppose，supposing，as/so long as，providing，provided，on condition that和in case等引导。这类连词（词组）意思相近，有“如果、假设、即使、在……条件下”等意义。
Suppose （Supposing） he is ill，what shall we do？如果他病了，我们该怎么办？
You’ll succeed，as long as you follow his advice.只要你听从他的劝告，你就会成功的。
注意：
在条件状语从句中，当主句和从句动作都表示将来时，主句用将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。
【小结3】常见的原因状语从句的引导词有：because（因为），since（既然），as（由于），now that（既然，因为）等连词引导：
1.because
表示直接的原因或理由，表示原因的语气最强，常表示必然的因果关系。回答以why引起的特殊疑问句，只能用because。
Jane wore a raincoat because it was raining.因为天下雨，所以简穿着雨衣。
He is absent today because he is ill.他今天缺课，因为他病了。
2.since
表示对方已经知晓、无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比because稍弱。
I’ll do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙，我来替你做吧。
Since you insist，I’ll go.既然你坚持，那我就去。
3.as
表示的往往是十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或能看得出来，语气较弱，只附带说明，比较口语化。
We had better hurry as it’s getting dark.因为天快要黑了，我们最好快点。
As it is raining，I’ll not go out.因为正在下雨，我就不出去了。
4.for
for是并列连词，它引导的分句不表示直接的原因，而是用来附带解释或说明前面一句的情况。for引导的分句常位于第一分句之后，它们之间用逗号隔开。
It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚准是下雨了，今天早上地面还是湿的。
The day breaks，for the birds are singing.小鸟在歌唱，一定是天亮了。
5.now that
意为“既然”，与since同义，但更突出事实本身。
Now that you’ve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.
既然你有了机会，你要充分利用它。
Now that everyone is here，let’s begin our meeting.既然大家都来了，我们就开始开会吧。
【小结4】常见的地点状语从句的引导词有：(www.fwsir.Com)where（在……地方； 那里），wherever（无论哪里）引导。
You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.
你应当养成惯例，将东西放在你能找到的地方。
Sit wherever you like.请随便坐。
Wherever you go，you must remember you are a Chinese.无论走到哪里，都要记住自己是中国人。
【小结5】常见的让步状语从句的引导词有：though，although，as，even if （though），however，whatever，whoever，whenever，no matter +wh词等。
1.even if，even though，although，though引导的让步状语从句
这四个词（词组）都有“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思。even if和even though带有较强的意味，语气比although和though强。though不如although正式，都不能和but连用，但可以和yet，still或nevertheless连用。
Although he is considered a great writer，his works are not widely read.
虽然有人认为他是一个大作家，但是他的作品读得并不广泛。
We won’t give up even if we should fail ten times.即使失败十次，我们也不会放弃。
2.as或though引导让步状语从句
形容词+as/though+主语+动词
副词+as/though+主语+谓语
动词+as/though+主语+情态动词/助动词
名词+as/though+主语+动词
1）由as或though引导让步状语从句往往会前置表语、谓语动词原形及修饰动词的副词
Much as I admire his courage，I don’t think he acted wisely.
我虽然佩服他的勇气，但是我认为他这样做是不明智的。
Young man as he is，he has made great achievements in the field of IT.
尽管他很年轻，却在IT领域取得很大成就。
Try as I might，I couldn’t lift the stone.我使多大劲儿也搬不动这块石头。
2）如果表语为单数可数名词，这个名词不带冠词
Child as he is，he knows a lot.虽然他还是个孩子，却懂的很多。
3.由no matter+wh词和由疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句
由no matter引导，表示“不管，无论”；由疑问词+ever引导，表示“不管，不论”。这类词有：whatever，whichever，whoever，however，whenever，wherever等，它们相当于no matter+ what（which，who，how，when，where），都不能与but，so，and等并列连词同时使用。
We’ll have to finish the job，however（no matter how） long it takes.不管需要多长时间，我们都一定要完成这项工作。
No matter what（Whatever） you do，don’t tell him that I told you this.无论你做什么，别告诉他我对你说过这件事。
No matter where （Wherever） you go，I would keep you company.不管你到哪去，我都会陪着你。
4.由whether…or引导让步状语从句
由whether…or引导让步状语从句表示“不论……还是”，提供两种对比的情况。
I shall go，whether you come with me or stay at home.
不论你和我一起来还是留在家中，我都要前往。
【小结6】方式状语从句一般由as（正如；按照），as if/as though（好像）等引导。
When in Rome，do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。
You must do everything as I do.你们要照我这样去做。
注意：As if/as though 引导方式状语从句时，从句的语气如果符合真实情况，则用陈述语气，如果与真实情况不符，则用虚拟语气，从句谓语时态在原来的基础上退后一步。例如：
He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.他走得很慢，好像腿受了伤。
She speaks English as if she were a native speaker.她讲英语俨然像专家。
【小结7】常见的结果状语从句的引导词有：so…that，such…that，so that…等。例如：
He worked hard so that he passed the exam.他学习很努力，结果通过了考试。
The film was so wonderful that we wanted to see it again.电影很精彩使我们还想看一次。
He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep.
他讲了那么长时间，人们开始打起瞌睡了。
注意：so…that与such…that的区别
这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so是副词，后接形容词或副词；such是形容词，后接名词。
（1）单数名词
在so…that与such…that中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同：such+a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。
She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.=She is so good a teacher that all of us love her。
她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。
（2）不可数名词或复数可数名词
如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such…that。但如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时，则用so…that。
He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.
他进步很快，不久就开始用英语写文章。
They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.
这些书是那么有趣使我们都想读一读。
I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，全身青一块紫一块的。
George had so little money that he had to get a job.乔治没有钱，所以他不得不找工作干。
【小结8】常见的目的状语从句的引导词有：so that…，in order that…等。从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词may，might，can，could，will，would等。
John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
约翰把其他人关在厨房外，目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。
These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.
这些人甘冒生命危险，是为了让我们活得更安全些。
Drive carefully so that everyone can enjoy a long life.开车小心点，让大家多活几年。
注意：
in order that引导的状语从句可以放在句首与句尾，而so that 引导的只能放在句尾。
【小结9】比较状语从句一般由as…as（和……一样），not as/so…as（与……不一样），than（比）引导。
The director gave me a better offer than he gave Dick.导师给我的提议比给狄克的好。
John plays football as well as，if not better than，David.
如果说约翰的足球踢得不比大卫好，至少和他踢得一样好。
时态特点
一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如：
I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。
（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，绝不可用will arrive）
As soon as I have finished this work, I will have gone home.我一完成这项工作，就会回家。
（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,绝不可用will have finished）
If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。
（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，绝不可用will come back）
从句通常结构：主 do sth.\do sb.（条件）+ V.\结果
讲解练习
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：
1. Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call.（副词）
当然，我们的祖父母乐于接到我们的电话。
2. We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset.（介词状短语）
我们工作得很努力，从日出到日落。
3. To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day.（不定式）
为了帮助我残疾的阿姨，我每天花一小时在她的房子里工作。
4. Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted.（过去分词）
从远处看，农舍显得空荡荡。
5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before.（原因状语从句）
我知道如何点燃篝火，因为我曾经做过。
状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。
相关例句
一、时间状语从句
常用引导词：when（在…时）, as（当…时）, while（在…期间）, before（在…之前）, after（在...之后）, since（自从...以来） , not...until（直到…才）until/till(直到…时）等
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant（ 瞬间，顷刻）, immediately , directly（不久，立即）, no sooner … than（一...就...）, hardly …when（刚一...就...） , scarcely … when（刚...就.../一...就...）,as soon as(一…就…)。
当用no sooner … than，hardly …when，scarcely … when作为引导词的时候，从句要部分倒装。
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
直到我成为了一个成年人我才意识到我的母亲是多么的特殊。
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
当约翰看电视时，他的妻子正在做饭。
The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard.
孩子们一看到守卫就逃出了果园。
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
我一到家就开始下雨了。
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
每当我听取你的建议时，我就会惹上麻烦。
二、地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
一般来说，有工厂的地方空气污染就严重。
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
无论你去哪里，你都应该努力工作。
地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如：
Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.
在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的或根本不可能的。
They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed.
他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
You should have put the book where you found it.
你应该把书放回原来的地方。
Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.
哪里有了中国共产党，哪里的人民就得解放。
三、原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as,
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that.
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
我的朋友都不喜欢我，因为我又英俊又成功。
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
既然每个人都到了，让我们开始我们的会议吧。
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
更高的收入税是有害的，因为它或许会阻碍人们努力赚钱。
四、目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose of , to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
老板要求秘书快写函件以便他能在上面签字。
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
为了让后面的学生听得更清楚，老师有意地提高了他的声音。
五、结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that, such … that, so that...
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
他很早起床以便赶上第一班公共汽车
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
这是一个好机会，千万不能错过它
To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
他激动到这个程度，以至于他昨晚睡不着
This news is exciting, so that he jumped up.
这个消息太令人激动了，以至于他跳了起来
六、条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,whether(whether...or not)
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case（美语中表条件，英语中表目的）, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
如果总统同意，我们将开始我们的项目
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
只要你继续努力，你一定会成功的。
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
如果没有人反对，我们就在这里开会。
Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.
有海就有海员。
七、让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他， 但是我却不同意他的建议。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
老人都很喜欢游泳，即使天气很恶劣。
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
不论他如何努力，她都不会改变她的主意。
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
他不会听你说什么。
八、比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more …（越来...越...） ; just as …， so…; A is to B what/as X is to Y; no … more than; not so much A as B,the 比较级 ,the 比较级.
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
她和她妈妈一样脾气很坏。
The house is three times as big as ours.
这房子是我们的三倍大。
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
你运动的越多，你就越健康。
Oil is to machine what food is to men.
油之于机器，犹如食物于之人。
九、方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if
特殊引导词：the way
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
入国问禁，入乡随俗。
She behaved as if she was the boss.
她表现得好像她是老板。
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
有时，我们用父母教导我们的方式教导我们的孩子。
十、状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
当博物馆完成，该博物馆将于明年向公众开放。
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
如果可能，他将去海边度假的话
另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：
I’m taller than him (he is tall ).
我比他高
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
温度越高，气压越大
就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化"。状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。
状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you。
除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。
(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:
连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.
他小时候就学会了骑自行车。
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.
她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.
少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.
他在孩子时代就乐于助人。
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.
尽管他曾是个农民,但现在他是位著名的导演了。
连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.
她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
连词+过去分词
He wont go there with us unless (he is) invited.
除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected
.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.
当时他站起来好像要说什么。
He wouldnt solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.
即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。
连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.
她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.
他到美国之前就懂英语了。
注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.
当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over）
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