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高考英语语法填空解题技巧

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高考英语语法填空解题技巧

  高考英语语法填空解题技巧

高考英语语法填空解题技巧

  文 | 刘军

  【一】

  用括号里的单词的正确形式填空:如果括号里的单词是动词,则看句子的主语是人还是物。若主语是人,则通常用现在分词(即用动词的ing形式);若主语是物,则通常用过去分词(常考不规则动词的过去分词)。

  但如果括号里的单词是表示人心情状态的动词,若主语是人,则在这个词后面加ed;若主语是物,则在这个词后面加ing.如:

  1. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of

  time, (37)_______(think) that all animals are used to living outdoors.

  解析:句子不缺谓语(即动词),且owners(主人)与think(认为)是主动关系,故用动词的现在分词thinking表主动,答案为:thinking.

  2. If (42) ______(leave) alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter.

  解析:If从句省略了主语(当主从句两个句子主语相同时,常省略从句主语),

  补充完整为:If dogs and cats are left alone outside 狗和猫是被主人留在室外,故用被动语态 be + 动词的过去分词。但英语中为了避免重复啰嗦,省去了dogs and cats,此时直接用动词leave的过去分词left表dogs and cats与leave是被动关系,答案为:left.

  3. Whether this story is true or not, it certainly is (45)_________(interest)。

  解析:it代指this story(主语是物),应用interesting(令人感兴趣的),interested感兴趣的,应是某人对某物/人感兴趣。此句译为:不管这个故事是真还是假,它真地令人感兴趣,答案为:interesting.

  4. After I said hi to my angry father and 21_______(tire) uncle.

  解析:tiring 令人疲惫的,tired 疲惫的,应是生气的父亲和疲惫的叔叔,

  答案为:tired.

  【二】

  考点分类总结:

  1. 冠词:看后面的名词有没有加s,没加s表泛指用a、an;表特指用the.横线后有单词most/top,用the表示形容词或副词的最高级。the other表两个人、物中的另一个。序数词前面要用the.(the top floor 最顶层)

  2. 名词:用括号里所给单词的复数形式,多数直接加s.

  3. 词性:形容词修饰名词,即adj + n;副词修饰动词,即v + adv,副词常常放在动词后面,有时也放在动词前面。如果是一个句子,也用括号里所给单词的副词形式,即副词修饰句子。副词修饰形容词,即adv + adj.

  4. 时态: 找连词and/but,如果and/but前面的动词用一般过去时,后面的动词也用一般过去时。

  5. 语态:被动语态和主动语态。若主语是人,则用现在分词(即用动词的ing形式);若主语是物,则用过去分词。

  6. 代词(人称代词和反身代词):如果前面出现的单词后面再次出现/提到,用作主语时,单数用it,复数用they;用作宾语时,单数用it,复数用them.(his/her/their)反身代词如:herself/himself/themselves/yourselves.

  有时也考不定代词:others 其它的…

  7. 连词:表并列用and, 表转折用but,表因果用because(因为)/so(因此)。

  如遇见 ________,直接用however.短文改错通常将and与but互换。

  其它考试连词:as正如/whether是否/until直到

  8. 引导词:常考定语从句,先行词指人,用who/that;先行词指物,用which/that;先行词指时间,用when;先行词指地点,用where;先行词指原因,用why;先行词即有人又有物,用that.

  若无先行词,找从句有无动词do/did/need或介词about/with等。若有,句子缺宾语,用what;若无,用that.

  引导词在从句中一般作主语,看be动词前有无主语。若无(定语从句),则用who/which;若有(状语从句),则用when/where/because.句子不缺任何成分时,引导词也用that.

  9. 介词搭配总结:

  (1) with表伴随,译为"随着";用;和,同。

  如随着经济的发展:with the development of economy;这个老师面带笑容走进了教室: The teacher came in the classroom, with smiling.

  固定搭配:help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事

  He wrote his name with his left hand. 他用左手写自己的名字。

  (2)in:用;在…里;在…方面

  in the room 在房间里;speak in English 用英语说;in this way 用这种方式;He does well in English. 在英语方面,他学得很好。

  (3)of …的,如:He is a friend of me. 他是我的一个朋友。

  Of + 名词 = 形容词,如:of use = useful 有用的

  (4)from:阻止;来自;从

  如:stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 =keep sb from doing sth;keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事

  from A to B,从A到B

  (5)for:为(表目的);因为(表原因);对于

  如:sell works for money 为了钱把作品卖掉;thank you for your help 谢谢你的帮助

  It is easy for me to solve the problem. 对我来说,解决这个问题很容易。

  It must have rained, for the ground is wet.一定下过雨,因为地面是湿的。

  (此处for为连词,起解释说明的作用。)

  (6)like :prep.像(用于举例) ;v.喜欢

  I know they call it a lot of fancy names,16______upright(正直的)

  and straightforward (坦率的)。

  答案:用介词like举例,此句译为:我知道他们称呼它(诚实)有许多好的名字,

  像正直、坦率之类的。

  (7)as:prep.作为(后接表人身份、职业的名词) conj.正如;当…时;由于

  Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (36) _________ they are.

  答案:用连词as正如,此句译为:有时主人会忘记他们的宠物正如他们一样,习惯待在温暖的庇护所里。

  I worked 16_____a volunteer at Stanford Hospital.

  答案:用介词as作为,此句译为:我作为一名志愿者在斯坦福医院工作。

  (8)before:在…之前;after 在…之后(可作连词、介词)

  (9)about:prep.关于;大约

  10. 非谓语结构(动词现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式)

  形容词、enough后接动词不定式to do,如:

  I’m glad to see you here. 或 Nice to meet you.

  You’re old enough to go to school.

  I learned a very important lesson from my father:24_______(respect) time and never be late to get someone.

  解析:此处考点是非谓语:动词现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式,而and后用的be, 不是was/were,只有动词不定式to +动原,故答案为:To respect.

  【注】过去分词的作用:

  (1)表被动;

  (2)表完成;

  (3)既表被动又表完成。

  With the problem 8_______(solve), I felt proud of my achievement.

  解析:problem 与solve是被动关系,因为问题是被解决,故用动词solve的过去分词solved表被动, 答案为:solved.

  Compared with the 9______(escape) driver, I was proud of what I did. (改错)

  解析:全句译为:与已逃走的司机相比较,我对我做的事感到自豪。我是被拿来与司机比较,用过去分词compared表被动;司机已逃离现场,应用过去分词

  escaped表动作已完成,答案为escaped.

  ◎ including sth 包括 … = sth included  … 被包括在其中

  There will be five people for dinner, ______ (include) you and me.

  There will be five people for dinner, you and me _________ (include)。

  解析:今晚有5人吃饭,包括你和我,或你和我被包括在其中。故第一题用include的现在分词including表主动,第二题用include的过去分词included表被动。

  ◎ need/require doing sth = need/require to be done 需要做……

  Eg: The house requires painting. 这房子需要刷漆。

  = The house requires to be painted.(同need的用法)

  ◎ have/make/get sth done  使某事被做

  We have made\had\got the TV repaired.

  我们已经请人把电视机修好了。

  I had my hair cut at the barber’s around the corner.

  我已经在角落的那个理发店把头发理了。(过去分词表被动、完成)

  11. 主谓一致:动名词、动词不定式和句子作主语,谓语均用单数。

  Choosing what you read and doing it by yourself 7_______(mean)

  that it’s something you do by and for yourself.

  解析:动名词作主语,不管是1个还是2个,谓语均用单数,答案为:means.

  此句译为:选择你读的东西并自己独自去做,这就意味着你亲自去做了某件事或为自己去做了某件事。

  12. 形容词或副词的比较级和最高级:比较级的标志是than,考题通常为看见句中有形容词或副词的比较级,用than;看见句中有than,用括号里所给的形容词或副词的比较级形式。The + 比较级,the + 比较级。   越…越…

  如:The more, the better. 越多越好。

  形容词或副词的最高级前一定要加the,或加人称代词。

  13. 情态动词:must 非要,一定(考得较少)

  语法填空总结:对于括号里所给的单词,我们通常不直接用它的原形。其次,

  所填单词不超过3个。

  【三】

  语法填空识记单词:

  1. appear:v.出现 → (appearance)n.外貌;出现

  2. give - gave - given 给

  3. think - thought - thought 认为

  thought:n.思想,想法→(thoughtful)adj.深思的;体贴的

  4. leave - left - (left)留下

  5. close:adj.近的 → (closely) adv.近

  6. tradition:n.传统 → (traditional) adj.传统的

  nutrition:n.营养 → (nutritional) adj.有营养的

  nature:n.自然 → (natural) adj. 自然的

  person:n.个人 → (personal) adj.个人的→(personally)adv.就个人而言

  7. happy:adj.高兴的 → (happiness) n.幸福 → (happier) adj.更高兴的 →(happier为happy的比较级,be happy with … 对…满意)

  8. color:n.颜色,彩色 → (colorful) adj.彩色的

  care:n.护理 → (careful) adj.小心的 → (carefully) adv. 小心

  use:n.用处 → (useful)adj.有用的

  wonder:v.想知道;n.奇迹 → (wonderful)adj.精彩的→ (wonderfully) adv.极好地

  9. luck:n.运气 →(lucky)adj.幸运的 → (luckily) adv.幸运的是 → (unluckily) adv.不幸运的是(but提示)

  10. fortune:n.运气 → (fortunately) adv.幸运的是 →(misfortune)n.不幸

  → (unfortunately) adv.不幸运的是(but提示)

  11. eat:v.吃 → (eating)(为eat的动名词) n.吃→ eat - ate - eaten

  12. call:v.把…称为 → (called) (为call的过去分词)

  13. grow - grew - grown 生长 → (growth) n.生长

  14. especial:adj.尤其的,特殊的 → (especially) adv.尤其

  15. sell - (sold) 卖; buy - (bought) 买

  16. main:adj.主要的  → (mainly) adv.主要

  17. educate:v.教育  → (education) n.教育

  18. feel - (felt) 感到;fall - (fell) 落下

  19. practice:v./n.练习 → (practically) adv. 实际上

  20. recover:v.恢复 → (recovery) n.痊愈

  21. survive:v.幸存 → (survival)n.幸存 → (survivor)n.幸存者

  22. understand - understood - understood 理解 → (misunderstand) 误解

  23.(responsible) adj.有责任感的 → (responsibility)n.责任感 → be responsible for 对…负责

  24. able:adj.有能力的 → (ability) n.能力

  25. honest:adj.诚实的 → (honestly) adv.诚实地 →(honesty)n.诚实

  26. fool:v.愚弄;n.傻瓜 → (foolish) adj.愚蠢的

  27. dead:adj.死的 → (deadly) adj. 致命的

  28. tell - told - told 告诉;sell - (sold)

  29. avail:v.有益 → (available) adj.可利用的

  reason:n.原因 → (reasonable) adj. 合情合理的

  30. please:v.使…高兴;请 → (pleased)adj. 高兴的 → (pleasure) n.愉悦 →(pleasant)adj.令人愉快的

  31. accept:v.接受 → (acceptance) n.认可,接受

  32. win - won 赢;differ:v.不同 - (different) adj.不同的

  33. break - broke - broken 打碎

  34. wear - (wore) - worn 穿

  tear - (tore) - torn:v.撕破;流泪  n.眼泪

  35. loss:n.损失 → lose:v.丢失;迷失 → lost:adj.迷路的;丢失的

  36. wood:n.木材 → (woody) adj.木质的

  37. regular:adj.有规律的,定期的 → (regularly) adv.定期

  38. possible:adj.可能的 → (possibly) adv.可能地

  probable:adj.可能的 → (probably) adv.可能地

  terrible:adj.可怕的 → (terribly) adv.可怕地

  simple:adj.简单的 → (simply) adv.简直;简单地

  39. surprise:n.惊喜;v.使吃惊 → (surprisingly) adv.惊人地

  increase:v.增加 → (increasingly) adv. 日益增加地

  40. actual:adj.实际的 → (actually) adv.实际上

  41. sudden:adj.突然的 → (suddenly) adv.突然

  42. fall- (fell) - fallen 落下

  43. build - built - (built) 修建 (rebuild:v.重建)

  44. slow:adj.慢的;v.减慢 → (slowly) adv.慢地

  45. blood:n.血液 → (bleed) v.流血

  46. effect:n.效果 → (affect) v.影响

  have an effect on sb 对…有影响

  47. perform:v.表演 → (performer) n.表演者 → performance n.表演

  48. decide:v.决定 → (decision) n.决定

  49. contribute:v.贡献 → (contribution)n.奉献(to)

  50. develop:v.发展 → (development)n.发展(with)

  51. assist:v.帮助 → (assistant)n.助手

  52. arrive:v.到达 → (arrival)n.到达

  53. late:adj.晚的;adv.晚地 → (lately)adv.最近 →(latest)adj.最新的

  【注】late,lately,later,latter,latest的区别

  (1) late

  A. 形容词

  ①迟的,晚的

  I was late for school. 我上学迟到了。

  I was ten minutes late. 我迟到了十分钟。

  ②晚期的, 末期的

  in the late afternoon 在下午较晚的时候,傍晚

  in the late sixties 六十年代后期

  in the late 1990's/1990s 在二十世纪九十年代末期

  He began the work in late May. 他在五月底开始这项工作。

  It is never too late to mend. [谚语] 改过不嫌晚。

  ③已故的;前任的

  the late government 上届政府

  a late president 一位已故的总统

  She was an admirer of the late president. 她钦佩前总统。

  ④新的

  some late news 一些新消息

  B. 副词

  ①迟地,晚地

  Better late than never. [谚语] 迟做总比不做好。

  I got up late. 我起晚了。

  late in autumn 在深秋

  ②新近,最近

  I saw him as late as yesterday. 直到昨天我还看见过他。

  (2) later

  A. 副词

  ①后来。可单独使用,用于过去时或将来时。

  Later the boy found his mother. 后来那个男孩找到了他的妈妈。

  See you later. 再见!回头见!

  ② …之后。可放在时间段后,只用于过去时。

  He arrived in London on Monday, two days later he left for New York.他星期一到了伦敦,两天后他出发去纽约。

  ③为late的比较级,意为"较晚地".

  The big stores are open later on Thursdays. 每逢星期四大商店开门较晚。

  B. 形容词,为late的比较级,意为"较晚的".

  the later comers 来的较晚的人

  (3)latest

  A. 形容词

  ①最新的

  the latest news 最新的消息

  ②为late的最高级,译为"最晚的,最迟的".

  the latest comer 来得最迟的人

  B. 副词,为late的最高级,译为"最晚地,最迟地".

  come the earliest and leave the latest 来得最早,走得最晚

  C. 名词,译为"最新消息、时装".

  Have you heard the latest about the war? 你听到有关战争的最新消息了吗?

  短语:at the latest 最迟

  I should be back by 11 o’clock at the latest. 我最迟11点回来。

  (4)lately:副词,与recently同义,通常用于现在完成时,译为"最近、近来".

  What have you been doing lately? 你最近在做什么?

  He came as lately as last week. 他最近在上周来过。

  (5)latter:adj.后面的,后者的(the former, the latter前者,后者)

  The latter point is the most important.

  后面提及的那一点是最重要的。

  I prefer the former design to the latter.

  比起后者的设计方案, 我更喜欢前者的。

  【练习】用latter, late, later, latest或lately填空。

  1. Better _____ than never.

  2. Let's consider the question _______.

  3. Of the two the _____ is better than the former.

  4. Have you seen Peter _______?

  5. Here is the _______ issue of China Daily.

  6. The _______ part of the text is the most important.

  【解析】

  1. Better late than never. [谚语] 迟做总比不做好。答案为late 迟地。

  2. 此句译为:让我们稍后考虑这个问题。答案为later较迟地。

  3. 此句译为:这两个问题中,后者比前者更好。the former, the latter前者,后者为固定搭配,答案为latter.

  4. 此句译为:你最近见过彼得吗? 答案为lately,最近。

  5. 此句译为:这是《中国日报》最新的期刊。答案为latest,最新的。

  6. 此句译为:这个文本最后面的部分是最重要的。答案为late的最高级latest.

  54. deep:adj.深的;adv.深深地 → (deeply)adv.深深地

  55. decorate:v.装饰 → (decoration) n.装饰品

  56. difficult:adj.困难的 → (difficulty)n.困难

  57. patience:n.耐心→(patient) adj.有耐心的→(impatient) adj.不耐心的→(patiently) adv.有耐心地

  polite:adj.有礼貌的→(impolite) adj.没礼貌的

  58. perfect:adj.完美的→(perfection)n.完美→ (imperfection) n.不完美

  59. hard:adj.努力的,困难的;adv.努力地 → (hardly)adv.几乎不

  hard work 繁重的工作;work hard 努力地工作(动词短语)

  Eg:

  (1)It is very hard for me to study English better. 要把英语学好对我来说是很困难的。

  (2) He is so excited that he can hardly sleep. 他是如此地兴奋以至于他几乎不能入睡。

  60. find - found - found 发现,找到;found - founded - founded 成立

  详解:find意为"发现、找到",为动词原形。found既是不规则动词find的过去式和过去分词,本身又是一个动词原形,意为"建立、成立、创办".

  founded为动词found的过去式和过去分词。如:

  He has already found his watch. 他已经找到了手表。

  The school was founded ten years ago. 这所学校是十年前创办的。

  61. choose - chose - (chosen) 选择

  shoot - shot - shot 射击

  shoot sb 击毙/中/伤某人;shoot at sb 瞄准某人

  62. repeat:v./n.重复 → (repeatedly) adv.重复地

  63. behave:v.表现→(behavior) n.行为(=behaviour)

  64. ill:adj.病的→(illness) n.疾病

  65. convenient:adj.方便的→ (convenience) n.便利

  66. press:v.按→ (pressure) n.压力

  67. teach - taught - (taught)  教

  68. thank:v.感谢 →(thankful)adj.感激的→(thankfully) adv.感谢地

  69. moral:adj.道德的→ (morality) n.道德

  70. home:n.家→(homeless) adj.无家可归的

  end:n.结尾→ (endless) adj.无穷无尽的

  hope:v.希望→(hopeless)adj. 绝望的→(hopeful)adj.有希望的

  71. flower:v.浇花;n.花→(flowered) adj.花式的

  72. poor:adj.贫穷的→ (poverty) n.贫穷

  73. music:n.音乐→ (musician) n.音乐家→(musical)adj.音乐的;n.音乐片

  74. fail:v.失败→(failures) n.失败的事/人

  75. approximate:adj.大约的→ (approximately) adv.大约

  76. active:adj.积极的→ (activity) n.活动

  77. satisfy:v.使…满意→ (satisfaction) n.满意→(satisfying)adj.令人满意的(=satisfactory)→(satisfied)adj.满意的(be satisfied with … )

  78. agree:v.同意→(disagree) v.不赞成 →(agreement)n.同意

  79. describe:v.描述→(description) n.描述

  80. move:v.移动→ (movement) n.移动

  81. expect:v.期望→(unexpectedly) adv.出乎意料地

  82. angry:adj.生气的→(anger) n.怒气

  83. condition:n.条件→(unconditional) adj.无条件的;无限的

  84. laugh:v.笑→ (laughter) n.笑(不可数)

  85. friendly:adj.友好的→(friendliness) n.友好

  86. rely:v.依靠→(reliable)adj.可靠的

  87. injure:v.伤害→(injury)n.伤害

  88. advertise:v.做广告→(advertisement)n.广告

  89. believe:v.相信→( belief)n.信念→(unbelievable)adj.难以置信的

  90. apologize:v.道歉→(apology)n.道歉

  91. curious:adj.好奇的→(curiosity)n.好奇心

  92. wait:v.等待→(waiter)n.男服务员→(waitress)n.女服务员

  act:v.扮演→(actor)n.男演员→(actress)n.女演员

  93. strong:adj.强壮的→(strength) n.力量;长处,强项

  weak:adj.虚弱的→(weakness)n.缺点→(weaken)v.削弱→(weakening)adj.弱化的

  94. impress:v.使印象深刻→(impressive)adj.给人深刻印象的→( impression)n.印象 (make/leave a deep impression on sb 给某人留下深刻印象)

  95. achieve:v.实现;达到;完成→(achievement)n.成就

  96. special:adj.特殊的→(specialist)n.专家→(specially)adv.特别地;尤其

  97. entertain:v.使欢乐→(entertainment)n.娱乐

  98. humor:n.幽默→(humorous)adj.幽默的

  99. fail:v.失败→ (failure) n.失败

  100. vary:v.变化→(various) adj.各种各样的→(variety) n.多样性;种类

  (vary from A to B 从A到B变化;a variety of 各种各样的)

  【注】variety 多样性(不可数名词);种类(可数名词,复数为varieties)

  101. permit:v.允许,许可;n.许可证,执照→ (permission) n.允许

  102. society:n.社会→ (social) adj.社交的

  103. fly:v.飞→(flight) n.航班

  104. success:n.成功→(succeed)v.成功→(successful)adj.成功的

  →(successfully) adv.成功地

  105. drink - drank - drunk 喝

  106. confident:adj.有信心的→(confidence)n.信心

  107. conclude:v.下结论;结束→(conclusion)n.结论

  108. glass:玻璃(不可数名词)→(glasses)眼镜

  a glass of milk 一杯牛奶

  two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶

  109. courage:n.勇气→(courageous)adj.有勇气的

  encourage:v.鼓励→ (encouragement) n.鼓励

  110. hide(v.藏) - hid - hid/hidden

  forbid(v.禁止)- forbad/forbade - forbidden (forbidden adj.禁止的)

  111. reserve:v.预定;保留→(reservations) n.保留意见;预定

  112. memory:n.记忆→(memorize) v.记住

  113. count:v.数数→(countless) adj.无数的

  114. intend:v.打算 →(intended)adj.预期的→ (intention) n.目的,意图

  intend/plan to do sth 打算做某事;intended goals 预期的目标

  115. legal:adj.合法的→(illegally) adv.非法地

  116. globe:n.地球→(global) adj.全球的

  【四】

  语法填空识记短语:

  1. 值得做……

  (1) be (well) worth doing sth

  Eg: This book is well worth reading for you. 这本书非常值得你读。(用主动形式表被动含义)

  (2)be worthy to be done

  (3)be worthy of being done

  Eg: This book is well worthy of being read for you. = This book is well worthy to be read for you. 这本书非常值得你读。(用被动形式表被动含义)

  2. couldn’t help doing sth 情不自禁得做……;

  couldn’t help to do sth 不能帮助做……

  Eg: (1) We couldn’t help laughing when we heard this funny story. 当我们听到这个滑稽的故事时,我们都情不自禁地笑了。

  (2) I couldn’t help you to do housework because I’m busy with my study.

  我不能帮助你做家务,因为我忙于学习。

  3. name A after B:以B的名字为A命名

  Eg: Tom named his son after his father. 汤姆以他父亲的名字为他的儿子取名。

  = His son was named after his father.(常用于被动语态)

  4. judge from/by … 由…判断

  Eg:(1) Don’t judge a person by his appearance.不要以貌取人。

  (2)Judging from his accent, he must be an American. 从他的口音判断,他一定是个美国佬。

  5. compare A with/to B:把A与B做比较;compare A to A':把A比作A'

  Compared with his room, my room is even smaller.

  与他的房间比,我的房间还小一点。(even/much + 比较级)

  6. break down (机器)出故障;(汽车)抛锚

  break out (战争、洪水、火灾)爆发 (不能用于被动语态)

  break into  破门而入,闯入

  7. deep, deeply的区别

  这两个副词的共同意思是"深".其区别在于:

  (1)deep作"深深地"解,常用来修饰具体的或有形的动作或动作意义很强的分词; 而deeply作"深入地""深刻地"解,通常用于引申的场合或比喻的意义,起增强语气的作用。例如:

  We went deep into the jungle. 我们走进丛林深处。

  I deeply regret your misfortune. 对你的不幸我深表遗憾。

  (2) 修饰形容词时习惯用deeply,不能用deep.例如:

  I'm deeply sorry for what has happened. 我对发生的事情深感遗憾。

  (3) 形容静止状态时只能用deep, 不能用deeply.例如:

  The ship sank deep into the sea. 这船深沉海底。

  8. learn from sb  向某人学习;

  learn a lesson 吸取经验教训;

  learn sth from sb  从某人那里学到…

  We should learn from each other. 我们应当相互学习。

  Try and learn from the failure.  要努力从失败中吸取经验教训。

  She needs to learn a lesson about telling the truth. 她要吸取教训才能说实话。

  We can learn a lot from talk shows. 我们可以从脱口秀中学到很多东西。

  9. as a result/consequence 结果(所以);as a result of 由于(因为)

  As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. 因此我们不得不给菜地浇水。

  He was late as a result of the snow. 由于大雪他迟到了。

  10. make up one’s mind(有单复数之分) to do sth 下定决心做某事

  in one’s opinion(无单复数之分) 在…看来

  11. It takes sb + 一段时间 + to do   做某事花了某人多少时间

  12. be/become addicted to doing sth   沉溺于…中

  He is addicted to drinking. 他嗜好喝酒。

  13. call on/upon sb to do sth 号召某人做…

  14. be based on/upon… 以…为基础/根据;建立在…的基础上

  (1)base on "以……为根据",用法应是 base A on B. 如:

  ① Edison based his ideas on scientific experiment. 爱迪生的想法是建立在科学实验的基础上的。

  ② You should base your opinion on facts. 你的意见都要以事实为根据。

  (2)be based on "以……为根据",用法是A be based on B

  ① What he said is based on fact. 他所说的话是以事实为根据的。

  ② The story is based on real life. 那故事是根据现实生活而写的。

  ③ Some modern languages are based on Latin. 在些现代语言是以拉丁文为基础的。

  15. get rid of …  消除…

  16. But as life would have it 但是生活注定是难以捉摸

  17. 以下to为介词:(后加名词/动词ing形式)

  the/a key to success/succeeding 成功的关键;

  the/a path to success 通向成功之路

  be/get used to doing sth  习惯做某事 = be/get accustomed to doing sth

  in addition to doing sth 除了做…

  equal to doing sth  (胜任)有能力做某事

  look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事

  pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事

  devote … to doing sth 奉献…去做某事

  make contributions to doing sth 为…做贡献 = contribute to doing sth

  object to doing sth 反对做某事

  refer to doing sth 提到做某事

  lead to doing sth 导致做某事

  stick to doing sth 坚持做某事

  get down to doing sth 开始认真做某事

  be/become addicted to doing sth 沉溺于…中

  see to doing sth 注意做某事

  Eg:I must see to getting the dinner ready. 我必须注意把饭准备好。

  18. 以下to为不定式标志:(后加动原)

  can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事

  spare/leave no efforts to do sth 不遗余力做某事

  make an effort/efforts to do sth 努力做某事

  try/do one’s best to do sth  尽某人的最大努力去做某事= do all sb can to do sth 尽力做某事

  There is no time/chance to do sth  没时间/机会做某事

  It/There is no use (in) doing sth  做某事毫无意义

  have no choice but to do sth 除了做…之外没有其他的选择(表将去做)

  = have nothing to do but do sth

  = can do nothing but do sth (前带do后必省to, to为不定式标志)

  Eg:I want nothing but to borrow a magazine from you.

  He could do nothing but wait for the bus to come.

  19. keep/stay + adj. 如:keep quiet保持安静;stay calm 保持镇定

  20. To one’s surprise/amazement/delight 让某人感到吃惊/高兴的是…

  21. (at) one time or another; one, the other

  Most of my friends have cheated on tests in school at one time or another. 我的大多数朋友在学校测验时都曾经作过弊。

  22. It is possible/probable/likely that:……是可能的

  sb is likely (like) to do sth 某人可能做……

  23. It occurred to sb that… 某人突然想起 …

  It occurred to sb to do sth  某人突然想起做某事

  It occurred to me that I had not handed in my paper. 我突然想起我还没有交论文。

  It didn't occur to him to ask for help. 他没想到请别人帮忙。

  24. avoid being done 避免被…( avoid doing sth)

  To avoid being caught by the police, he ran very fast.

  25. can’t bear/stand/tolerate(容忍) doing sth 不能容忍做…

  I can’t bear/stand/tolerate being kept waiting. 我不能容忍久等。

  26. be surprised at (doing) sth 对…感到吃惊 = be surprised to do sth

  I’m surprised at what you say. 我对你所说的话感到吃惊。

  I’m surprised to see you here. 看见你在这儿,我很吃惊。

  = I’m surprised at seeing you here.

  27. in search of:搜寻…

  【注】search作动词指"寻找",后面跟寻找的范围,而search for后面跟

  寻找的目标。如:

  Are they still searching for their child? 他们还在寻找他们的孩子吗?